Meningococcal Disease
Mise à jour sur la vaccination contre la méningococcie invasive chez les enfants et les adolescents canadiens
La méningococcie invasive (MI) est une maladie grave qui est souvent à l’origine d’un sepsis fulminant ou d’une méningite. Au Canada, elle est surtout attribuable aux sérogroupes B et C. Des programmes de vaccination systématique contre le méningocoque du sérogroupe C sont prévus à l’âge de 12 mois, et dans certaines régions sociosanitaires, le calendrier comprend l’administration de doses supplémentaires aux enfants plus jeunes. Les adolescents reçoivent systématiquement une dose de rappel du vaccin contre le sérogroupe C ou d’un vaccin quadrivalent (sérogroupes A, C, W et Y). L’utilisation systématique des vaccins contre le sérogroupe B n’est pas recommandée tant qu’on n’aura pas recueilli de données supplémentaires sur l’efficacité des vaccins sur le marché et la durée de la protection qu’ils confèrent. Cependant, les enfants d’au moins deux mois qui courent un risque accru de MI devraient être vaccinés contre les sérogroupes B et C dans les plus brefs délais.
Recent Progress in the Prevention of Serogroup B Meningococcal Disease
The widespread use of meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines has highlighted the challenge of providing protection against serogroup B disease. Over a period of 4 decades, vaccine development has focused on subcapsular protein antigens, first with outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines against epidemic outbreaks, and more recently on new multicomponent vaccines designed to offer better cross-protection against the antigenically diverse strains responsible for endemic disease. Because of the low incidence of meningococcal disease, the protective efficacy of these vaccines has not been determined in clinical studies, and their licensure has been based on serological data; however, the serological assays used to predict protective coverage have limitations. As a result, evidence of the effectiveness of these vaccines against different strains and the contribution of specific antigens to protection can only be provided by epidemiological analyses following their implementation in sufficiently large populations.
Update on invasive meningococcal vaccination for Canadian children and youth (CPS Position Statement)
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is serious, often resulting in fulminant sepsis or meningitis. IMD in Canada is primarily attributable to serogroups B and C. There are routine programs for serogroup C vaccine at 12 months of age, with some jurisdictions routinely providing additional earlier doses. Adolescents routinely receive a booster dose of serogroup C vaccine or of a quadrivalent (serogroups A, C, W and Y) vaccine. Serogroup B vaccines are not recommended for routine use pending further data on the efficacy and duration of protection from the available vaccine. However, children at increased risk for IMD should start immunization for serogroups B and C as soon as possible, assuming that they are at least two months of age.
What would happen if we stopped vaccinations?
Emphasizes that while vaccination programs have eliminated or significantly reduced many vaccine-preventable diseases, these diseases still exist and can once again become common and deadly if vaccination coverage does not continue at high levels.
Couverture vaccinale des enfants canadiens : points saillants de l'Enquête nationale sur la couverture vaccinale des enfants de 2013 (ENCVE)
L’Enquête nationale sur la couverture vaccinale des enfants (ENCVE) de 2013 constitue la plus grande enquête sur la couverture vaccinale nationale au Canada. Ses résultats indiquent que la majorité des enfants canadiens sont immunisés contre les maladies évitables par la vaccination, mais qu'on peut améliorer la situation en ce qui a trait aux doses de rappel.
Vaccine coverage in Canadian children: Highlights from the 2013 childhood National Immunization Coverage Survey (cNICS)
The 2013 Childhood National Immunization Coverage Survey (cNICS) is the largest national-level immunization coverage survey ever carried out in Canada. Results from the survey showed that the majority of Canadian children are immunized against vaccine-preventable diseases, but there is room to improve in keeping vaccinations up to date.
Votre histoire : Fondation canadienne de recherche sur le méningite
Faire part de votre expérience personnelle en envoyant votre histoire à la Fondation canadienne de recherche sur la méningite.
Your Story: The Canadian Meningitis Research Foundation
You can send your story to the Meningitis Research Foundation of Canada about your experience related to meningitis.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Menactra Meningococcal Vaccine
In 1998, some research caused concern that hepatitis B vaccination might be linked with multiple sclerosis (MS), a progressive nerve disease. Numerous studies have evaluated a possible relationship between hepatitis B vaccination and MS. A large body of scientific evidence now shows that hepatitis B vaccination does not cause or worsen MS.